What is Chiller? How Does a Chiller System Work?

Chiller literally means “cooler” and refers to a cooling system used in industrial or commercial applications. Its basic function is to transfer heat from a source to another environment and thus provide cooling. Chiller systems play a critical role, especially in large-scale facilities and central air conditioning needs.

How Does a Chiller System Work?

Chiller systems basically work on the principle of a cooling cycle. There are four main components in this cycle:

1. Compressor: It compresses the refrigerant (usually water or a special gas mixture) and increases its pressure and temperature. This high pressure and temperature gaseous fluid continues to move in the cycle.
2. Condenser: It cools the hot and high pressure refrigerant coming from the compressor and turns it into liquid. In this process, the heat on the fluid is released to the outside environment. Condensers can be air-cooled or water-cooled depending on the cooling medium. In air-cooled condensers, heat is released to the air with the help of fans, while in water-cooled condensers, heat is transferred to the water with the help of a cooling tower or another water source.
3. Expansion Valve (Throttling Valve): It reduces the pressure of the liquid refrigerant coming from the condenser and ensures that its temperature also decreases. In this way, the fluid becomes ready to evaporate.
4. Evaporator: The liquid refrigerant at low pressure and temperature coming from the expansion valve absorbs heat from the medium to be cooled (usually water or air) and evaporates and turns into gas again. The cooled water or air is then sent to areas requiring cooling through fan coil units or other heat exchangers. The evaporated refrigerant returns to the compressor to complete the cycle.

This cycle repeats continuously, allowing the system to provide continuous cooling.

Chiller Types and Areas of Use

Chiller systems are divided into different types according to the cooling medium, compressor type and application areas:

According to Cooling Medium:

• Air Cooled Chillers: These are systems that directly release heat to the outside air. They are generally preferred in smaller capacity applications and in places where water resources are limited. They are easier to install and require less maintenance than water-cooled chillers.
• Water-Cooled Chillers: These are systems that release heat to water with the help of a cooling tower or other water source. They offer higher efficiency and capacity. They are ideal for large-scale commercial and industrial applications. However, they require additional equipment such as water supply and cooling towers.

According to Compressor Type:

• Reciprocating Compressor Chillers: Used for smaller capacities and intermittent cooling needs.
• Screw Compressor Chillers: Widely preferred for medium and large capacity applications. They are quieter and more efficient.
• Scroll Compressor Chillers: Used for very large capacity cooling needs. They offer high efficiency and reliability.

Areas of Use:

Chiller systems are used in a wide range of industrial and commercial applications:

• HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning): In central air conditioning systems of shopping malls, hospitals, hotels, office buildings, schools and other large commercial structures.
• Industrial Cooling: In cooling equipment and products used in manufacturing processes such as plastic injection machines, metalworking machines, welding equipment, laser cutting machines, food processing plants, chemical and pharmaceutical industries.
• Data Centers: In server rooms and data centers that require continuous and precise cooling.
• Medical Applications: In cooling MRI machines, laboratory equipment and other medical devices.
• Food and Beverage Industry: Temperature control in manufacturing, processing and storage processes for.
• Power Plants: Turbine cooling and cooling of other critical equipment.

Chiller cooling systems are an indispensable part of modern industrial and commercial activities. By providing efficient and reliable cooling, they contribute to the smooth operation of businesses and the preservation of product quality.

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